To my school book learning in Dalbeattie , the highland line ran straight across from just north of the Scottish capital, Edinburgh to just north of the Clyde River, Glasgow. Wikipedia, suggests a more abbreviated region. I grew un in the lowlands but the "hills" of Galloway were as tall as many of the highland "mountains". Elevations vary from landing a commercial plane on the sandy beach when the tide is out to climbing Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Scotland. As with the mountains in Ireland the highland mountains are older that the Alps and Rockies. See web page below.
The Highland Boundary Fault is a major fault zone[1] that traverses Scotland from Arran and Helensburgh on the west coast to Stonehaven in the east. It separates two distinctly different physiographic and geological terrains: the Highlands from the Lowlands, and in most places it is recognizable as a change in topography. The fault is believed to have formed in conjunction with the Strathmore Syncline to the south-east during the Acadian orogeny in a transpressive regime that caused the uplift of the Grampian block and a small sinistral movement on the Highland Boundary Fault.
So basically it is a geologic fault line running across Scotland and somewhat separating the Lowlands (Scotts speakers) from the Highlanders (Gaelic speakers).
BBC has done a yeoman's job in a documentary on the history of Scotland. During the documentary the highland line was shown as runing directly along the line I mentioned earlier. I would highly recommend your viewing this documentary. To locate it on line type "BBC Scottish History" and then you will be referred to their site on "YouTubep". My only criticism is that they failed to show the early connection between the north of Ireland, mainly the Kindom Of Ulster, and the invasion of the Isles by the Celtic Irishman, Kenneth MacAlpin and others, and the formation of the Irish Celtic Kingdom of Dalreada in what was then basically Pict-Land. Such an invasion effectively co-opted the western part of the Highland and Iles with the Ulster Kindom of Dalriada (Dail Riata). My geneology history includes the Lamont's (Lawmans, Lamonds, and my sept the MacPhadrick Lamonds or Lamonts and Patrick of that ilk to use K. McKachnie's well worn phrase). Apparently the MacPhadrick Lamont's were one of the very early settlers in the Isles and Bute and and credited by McKechnie as being one of the the oldest of the Lamont septs. The Cambells put short rift to the MacPhadricks as most of the gentlemen of that name were hung and left to swing in dying agony in Dunoon.
Life member of the Clan Lamont Society, Scotland.
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Philip Chearnley O'Sullivan, Lieut-Col., USA (ret)